ig farben zyklon b

IG Farben tenía gerentes en su comité director. [26] The two alliances were loosely connected with each other through an agreement between BASF and Hoechst to jointly exploit the patent on the Heumann-Pfleger indigo synthesis. Farbenindustrie A.G. und die Gründung der Nachfolgegesellschaften", List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IG_Farben&oldid=992193724, Conglomerate companies disestablished in 1951, Conglomerate companies established in 1925, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2020, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Percentage of production ordered by Auschwitz, Joined supervisory board of the Bunawerke Hüls GmbH, Supervisory board member, manager of IG Farben Auschwitz, Supervisory board member, head of fuel sector at IG Farben Auschwitz, Board member for Deutsche Gasolin AG, Feldmühle, and Papier- und Zellstoffwerke AG; consultant and board member for Ruhrchemie AG Oberhausen, President, Deutsch-Ibero-Amerikanische Gesellschaft, Chair of the board of a chemistry firm in, Board member, head of IG Farben's Upper Rhine Business Group, IG Farben board chair and led the reestablishment of. [b][15], The Allies seized the company at the end of the war in 1945[a] and the US authorities put its directors on trial. I, in charge of nitrogen and gasoline production; Head of the chemical warfare committee at the war ministry; 8 years including time already served; died 1990, Removed from trial due to medical reasons, 2 years including time already served-died 1966, 6 years including time already served; died 1969, 2 years including time already served-died 15 Nov 1950, 3 years including time already served; died 1966, 1½ years including time already served; died 1965, 2 years including time already served; died 1954, 8 years including time already served; died 1967, Head of sales for dyestuffs for south-eastern Europe, 1½ years including time already served. In 1947 the American government put IG Farben's directors on trial. [54], Other IG Farben staff appear to have known. [62] As the Red Army approached Auschwitz in January 1945 to liberate it, IG Farben reportedly destroyed the company's records inside the camp,[63] and in the spring of 1945, the company burned and shredded 15 tons of paperwork in Frankfurt. Joined the board and supervisory council of WASAG Chemie-AG and Mitteldeutsche Sprengstoff-Werke GmbH. [72] Those who served prison sentences included: Agfa, BASF and Bayer remained in business; Hoechst spun off its chemical business in 1999 as Celanese AG before merging with Rhône-Poulenc to form Aventis, which later merged with Sanofi-Synthélabo to form Sanofi. What is interesting is that ‘popular’ books and media for 70 years stated “Six Million European Jews were killed”. In 1951 the company was split into its original constituent companies. Le Procès IG Farben (officiellement The United States of America vs. Carl Krauch, et al.) Disregard of basic human rights did not deter these defendants. IG Farben toimitti tuhoamis-ja keskitysleireille vankien surmaamiseen käytetyn Zyklon B-myrkkykaasun. Judge Hebert filed a dissenting opinion, in which he argued that the defense of "necessity" did not apply and that all defendants should have been found guilty on count 3 of the indictment. Zyklon B wurde von den Dessauer Werken für Zucker und chemische Industrie (kurz: Fine) und den Kaliwerken Kolin für die Degesch (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung m.b.H.) It manufactured Zyklon B, the gas-chamber poison, among many other products, and its factories exploited more than 35,000 slave laborers, many from Auschwitz. Nobody could live in Auschwitz and work in the plant, or even come down to the plant, without knowing what was common knowledge to everybody. (The two other industrialist trials were the Flick Trial and the Krupp Trial.). [45], For one experiment, which tested an anaesthetic, Bayer had 150 women sent from Auschwitz to its own facility. Only in the case of Auschwitz, where IG Farben had constructed a plant next to the concentration camp with the clear intent to use inmates as slave workers, did the tribunal consider the evidence sufficient to prove that IG Farben acted on its own initiative. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. The liberal and business-friendly German People's Party was its most pronounced supporter. In World War II, Degesch (42.5 per cent owned by IG Farben) was the trademark holder of Zyklon B, the poison gas used at some Nazi extermination camps. 's immense productive facilities, its far-reaching research, varied technical expertise and overall concentration of economic power, Germany would not have been in a position to start its aggressive war in September 1939. We would kindly request that you send us another group of women to the same number and at the same price. [2], Willing cooperation with the slave labor utilization of the Third Reich was a matter of corporate policy that permeated the whole Farben organization... For this reason, criminal responsibility goes beyond the actual immediate participants at Auschwitz. "[47], Between 1942 and 1945 a cyanide-based pesticide, Zyklon B, was used to kill over one million people, mostly Jews, in gas chambers in Europe, including in the Auschwitz II and Majdanek extermination camps in German-occupied Poland. Following several later mergers the main successor companies are Agfa, BASF, Bayer and Sanofi. Zyklon B was pure Prussic acid, a lethal poison produced by I.G. They wanted to expand their plants and work on a synthetic gasoline program. "[42], By 1943 IG Farben was manufacturing products worth three billion marks in 334 facilities in occupied Europe; almost half its workforce of 330,000 men and women consisted of slave labour or conscripts, including 30,000 Auschwitz prisoners. It includes other Farben Vorstand plant-managers and embraces all who knowingly participated in the shaping of the corporate policy.[3][4]. Degussa produced the anti-graffiti substance Protectosil used to cover the stelae which are the major element in the memorial. Sales of Zyklon B amounted to almost three-quarters of Degesch business; enough gas to kill 200 million humans was produced and sold by I.G. In 1932, representatives met with Hitler to ascertain if he would support their endeavors. Head of pharmaceutical sales for the Bayer. The indictment was filed on May 3, 1947; the trial lasted from August 27, 1947, until July 30, 1948. Farben Leverkusen and sold from the Bayer sales office through Degesch, an independent license holder. Most of the experiments were conducted in Birkenau in Block 20, the women's camp hospital. The dispute arose mainly because Degussa had also owned 42.2 percent of the shares in Degesch (… Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2018. This prompted Duisberg and Heinrich von Brunck, chairman of BASF, to accelerate their negotiations. Also see .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}"Law No. Farben and Krupp trials", "Elimination of German Resources for War", "Die Entflechtung der I.G. L'insetticida Zyklon B, del quale la IG Farben deteneva il brevetto, e che veniva usato nelle camere a gas per gli omicidi di massa, era fabbricato dalla Degesch (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung), una società posseduta al 42,2% dalla IG Farben e che aveva manager della IG Farben nel suo consiglio di amministrazione. Thirteen defendants were found guilty,[68] with sentences ranging from 18 months to eight years. [1] The supervisory board members became widely known as, and were said to call themselves jokingly, the "Council of Gods" (Rat der Götter). [37] One of IG Farben's subsidiaries supplied the poison gas, Zyklon B, that killed over one million people in gas chambers. Farben (Excerpt from “I.G. L'abréviation IG Farben désigne la société allemande fondée le 1er janvier 1925 sous le nom de IG-Farbenindustrie AGnote 1. [51], Several IG Farben executives said after the war that they did not know about the gassings, despite the increase in sales of Zyklon B to Auschwitz. They produced everything from pharmaceuticals to manufacturing chemicals to explosives. However, we were unable to obtain conclusive results because they died during the experiments. Once Hitler officially came to power, they agreed on … [33], Throughout the 1930s the company underwent a process of Aryanization, and by 1938 Jewish employees had been dismissed and the Jews on the board had resigned. Farben both in Germany and globally. The manpower was thousands of forced laborers, most of them Jews, who suffered from hunger and cold and died from the harsh working conditions. The defendants Ilgner and Kugler were released immediately after the judgement since they had already been in custody longer than their sentence. Aerial photograph of Auschwitz, June 1944, showing the IG Farben plant, Peter Hayes (2001): "[I]t was Zyklon B, a granular vaporizing pesticide, that asphyxiated the Jews of Auschwitz, and a subsidiary of IG, the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Schädlingsbekämpfung MbH (German Vermin-Combating Corporation), or Degesch, that controlled the manufacture and distribution of the Zyklon. The remaining property, worth DM 21 million (£6.7 million or €10.7 million), went to a buyer. In October 1904 an Interessen-Gemeinschaft between Bayer, BASF and Agfa was formed, also known as the Dreibund or little IG. Moderna was a pharmaceutical company that started in Germany under the name IG Farben. [27], Within the Dreibund, Bayer and BASF concentrated on dye, while Agfa increasingly concentrated on photographic film. This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 22:10. [64], In the Western occupation zone, the idea of destroying the company was abandoned as the policy of denazification evolved,[10] in part because of a need for industry to support reconstruction, and in part because of the company's entanglement with American companies, notably the successors of Standard Oil. Farben Chemical Company employed a Polish salesman who sold cyanide to the Nazis for use in Auschwitz.The same salesman also worked as a chemist in the manufacture of the poison gas. Others argued for the formation of a profit pool or Interessen-Gemeinschaft (abbr. "community of interest"). [61] Dürrfeld was sentenced to eight years, then pardoned in 1951 by John McCloy, the American high commissioner for Germany, after which he joined the management or supervisory boards of several chemical companies. Formed in 1925 from a merger of six chemical companies—BASF, Bayer, Hoechst, Agfa, Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron, and Chemische Fabrik vorm. www.verfassungen.de. It was the largest plant in the world, and one of the cheapest, because it was built and operated by slave labourers from the Auschwitz concentration camp. [8] A decade later, it was a Nazi Party donor and, after the Nazi takeover of Germany in 1933, a major government contractor, providing significant material for the German war effort. The firm's factories included a synthetic rubber plant at the Auschwitz concentration camp where 30,000 people worked until they died or were deemed unfit and sent to the gas chambers. "[40] The company placed its resources, technical capabilities and overseas contacts at the German government's disposal. [38] Degesch originally supplied the gas to Auschwitz to fumigate clothing that was infested with lice, which carried typhus. [8] The company ended up being the "largest single contribution" to the successful Nazi election campaign of 1933;[32] there is also evidence of "secret contributions" to the party in 1931 and 1932. O pesticida Zyklon B, para o qual a IG Farben detinha a patente e que era usado nas câmaras de gás para o assassínio massivo, era fabricado pela Degesch (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung), uma empresa detida pela IG Farben. Une « petite IG », par opposition à lIG de 1925, a été fondée en 1905 par rapprochement concerté des sociétés chimiques BASF, Bayer et Agfa. Otto Bayer discovered the polyaddition for the synthesis of polyurethane in 1937,[5] and three company scientists became Nobel laureates: Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius in 1931 "for their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods",[6] and Gerhard Domagk in 1939 "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil". The twelve U.S. trials are collectively known as the "Subsequent Nuremberg Trials" or, more formally, as the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" (NMT). Ein weiterer Produzent war Sufomi in Frankreich. 9, "Seizure of Property owned by I.G. The Zyklon B gas, which killed millions of Jews, Gypsies and other people was produced by IG Farben´s subsidiary company Degesch. Three major firms BASF, Bayer and Hoechst, produced several hundred different dyes. IG Farben was the private German chemicals company allied with the Nazis that … [19] The three major firms had also integrated upstream into the production of essential raw materials, and they began to expand into other areas of chemistry such as pharmaceuticals, photographic film, agricultural chemicals and electrochemicals. [a], In its heyday, IG Farben was the largest company in Europe and the largest chemical and pharmaceutical company in the world. [16] By 1951 all had been released by the American high commissioner for Germany, John J. The charges consequently centered on preparing to wage an aggressive war, but also on slave labor and plundering. produziert. [30] The IG Farben Building, headquarters for the conglomerate in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, was completed in 1931. Products [55] The general manager of Degesch is said to have learned about the gassings from Kurt Gerstein of the SS. Head of dept.

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