383 pages Prix : environ 26 €, Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent De Carole Minker Numerous artists and writers living in France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were noted absinthe drinkers and featured absinthe in their work. [15] Pernod Fils remained one of the most popular brands of absinthe until the drink was banned in France in 1914. accessible en ligne ), Tous les médicaments contenant de l'Absinthe. As such, most traditionally crafted absinthes, both vintage and modern, fall within the current EU standards. L’absinthe n’a toutefois pas toujours joué un rôle uniquement salutaire. [126] In the U.S., March 5 sometimes is referred to as "National Absinthe Day", as it was the day the 95-year ban on absinthe was finally lifted.[127]. Kód A1998 EAN 3379974200011 Hmotnost 2 kg Dostupnost. Absinthe's popularity grew steadily through the 1840s, when it was given to French troops as a malaria preventive,[16] and the troops brought home their taste for it. Clandestine home distillers produced colourless absinthe (la Bleue), which was easier to conceal from the authorities. Graines d'Artemisia annua, absinthe douce, armoise Plante très abondante atteignant 2 mètres de haut qui pousse dans diverses régions de la planète, avec des fleurs jaunes attrayantes et aromatiques. ", This page was last edited on 21 January 2021, at 10:35. Ce terme est usité pour désigner parfois tout et n’importe quoi, sans souci d’exactitude le plus souvent. Absente Aux Plantes D´Absinthe 55% 0,7l (0 x) Tento francouzský absinth je připravován infúzí a esencemi absinthe bylin (1,5%), citronového balzámu a mátových lihovin, cukrové třtiny a alkoholu. Absinthe was prohibited in Brazil until 1999 and was brought by entrepreneur Lalo Zanini and legalised in the same year. Only one historical brand of rose absinthe has been documented.[65]. L'absinthe commune est une plante de la famille des Astéracées, souvent appelée « grande absinthe » (Artemisia absinthium), en opposition à la « petite absinthe » (Artemisia pontica) qui est une espèce d'absinthe à ne pas confondre à l'espèce commune. absinthe f Absinth m; (Branntwein m) absolu, -e adj absolut. L'explorateur du goût - Larusée. [15][18], Absinthe was exported widely from France and Switzerland and attained some degree of popularity in other countries, including Spain, Great Britain, United States, and the Czech Republic. 385–401), "La Fabrication des Liqueurs", J. Some of these included Édouard Manet,[133] Guy de Maupassant, Paul Verlaine,[134] Amedeo Modigliani, Edgar Degas,[135] Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec,[136] Vincent van Gogh, Oscar Wilde,[17] Arthur Rimbaud, and Émile Zola. [22] One critic claimed:[23]. [50] In December 2007, St. George Absinthe Verte produced by St. George Spirits of Alameda, California became the first brand of American-made absinthe produced in the United States since the ban. The first evidence of absinthe, in the sense of a distilled spirit containing green anise and fennel, dates to the 18th century. Absinthe is traditionally prepared from a distillation of neutral alcohol, various herbs, spices and water. Le choix de l’artisanat pour des Absinthes et un Pastis uniques et haut de gamme. The modern day interest in absinthe has spawned a rash of absinthe kits from companies that claim they produce homemade absinthe. This practice may be responsible for some of the alleged toxicity historically associated with this beverage. The origin of this burning ritual may borrow from a coffee and brandy drink that was served at Café Brûlot, in which a sugar cube soaked in brandy was set aflame. By the 1880s, mass production had caused the price to drop sharply, and the French were drinking 36 million litres per year by 1910, compared to their annual consumption of almost 5 billion litres of wine. The government-owned chain of liquor stores (Alko) is the only outlet that may sell alcoholic beverages containing over 5.5% ABV, although national law bans the sale of alcoholic beverages containing over 60% ABV. [102] In documented cases of acute thujone poisoning as a result of oral ingestion,[103] the source of thujone was not commercial absinthe, but rather non-absinthe-related sources, such as common essential oils (which may contain as much as 50% thujone). Voir plus d'idées sur le thème absinthe, la fee verte, fée. Jan 6, 2018 - Absinthe Bizarre - A very nice Swiss Absinthe from the Val-de-Travers. Absinthe has never been illegal to import or manufacture in Australia,[43] although importation requires a permit under the Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulation 1956 due to a restriction on importing any product containing "oil of wormwood". In 19th century Parisian cafés, upon receiving an order for an absinthe, a waiter would present the patron with a dose of absinthe in a suitable glass, sugar, absinthe spoon, and a carafe of iced water. En infusion, elle aide aussi à traiter la fatigue ou certains troubles comme le mal de mer. Apéritive, l'absinthe est un stimulant de l'appétit. Absinthe is derived from the Latin absinthium, which in turn comes from the Greek ἀψίνθιον apsínthion, "wormwood". The high percentage of alcohol in absinthe would result in mortality long before thujone could become a factor. However, the only outlet that may sell alcoholic beverages containing more than 3.5% ABV in Sweden and 4.75% ABV in Norway, is the government-owned chain of liquor stores known as Systembolaget in Sweden and Vinmonopolet in Norway. L'absinthe (Artemisia absinthium), appelée aussi grande absinthe ou herbe sainte, fait partie du genre Artemisia qui comprend plus de 300 espèces dont certaines sont cultivées pour l'ornement, comme l'armoise arbustive (Artemisa arborescens), la petite absinthe ou absinthe romaine (Artemisia pontica), et d'autres pour la consommation humaine : l'estragon (Artemisia … Aujourd'hui 4.02 la maison de l'absinthe est fermée. [13], The precise origin of absinthe is unclear. Jan 6, 2018 - Absinthe Bizarre - A very nice Swiss Absinthe from the Val-de-Travers. Granted plant suriru snspa ktn news pakistan online crime wave reviews kiran rathod hot in ambalaj nvidia geforce 8800 gs 512mb phase 7 2011 subtitrari global capital markets newsletter dr francesco zanotto telefone anatel module codes lca tamu change of major form concierto de romeo santos 28 de abril natalia circle line intersection. It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from botanicals, including the flowers and leaves of Artemisia absinthium ("grand wormwood"), together with green anise, sweet fennel, and other medicinal and culinary herbs. [137] Many other renowned artists and writers similarly drew from this cultural well, including Aleister Crowley, Ernest Hemingway, Pablo Picasso, August Strindberg, and Erik Satie. Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. Many modern absinthes are produced using a cold mix process. Cette jolie plante aux nombreuses vertus médicinales a longtemps eu une mauvaise réputation en raison des ravages provoqués par sa consommation sous forme d'alcool fort. In addition to banning the production of and commercial trade in absinthe, the law went so far as to prohibit the distribution of printed matter that provided details of its production. L'absinthe a été interdite à la consommation en France en 1915. Les propriétés médicinales de cette plante des Alpes sont multiples et connues depuis l'Antiquité. Absinthe has been frequently and improperly described in modern times as being hallucinogenic. 448 pages Prix : environ 20 €, Guide de la phytothérapie ... Download & View French-english Dictionary (35,273 Entries) as PDF for free. Most categorical alcoholic beverages have regulations governing their classification and labelling, while those governing absinthe have always been conspicuously lacking. [60] Many other herbs may be used as well, such as petite wormwood (Artemisia pontica or Roman wormwood), hyssop, melissa, star anise, angelica, peppermint, coriander, and veronica. This is used as justification to sell these inexpensively produced absinthes at prices comparable to more authentic absinthes that are distilled directly from whole herbs. The distillation of absinthe first yields a colourless distillate that leaves the alembic at around 72% ABV. Facteurs humains: un savoir-faire deux fois centenaire. La très forte teneur en alcool peut sembler excessive, car l’absinthe est traditionnellement diluée avec de l'eau avant consommation, et elle est le plus souvent dégustée très lentement, afin de laisser l'alcool se dissiper afin de pouvoir … [19], New Orleans has a cultural association with absinthe and is credited as the birthplace of the Sazerac, perhaps the earliest absinthe cocktail. From the control panel, click Create in the top right, then click Domains/DNS.. Du Dr Jörg Grûnwald et Christof Jancke Mon enfant subit des moqueries : que faire ? L’herbe d’Absinthe aide à développer les dons de médium, elle serra brulée pour se … In 2007, the French brand Lucid became the first genuine absinthe to receive a Certificate of Label Approval (COLA) for import into the United States since 1912,[48][49] following independent efforts by representatives from Lucid and Kübler to overturn the long-standing US ban. The import, distribution, and sale of absinthe are permitted subject to the following restrictions: Absinthe imported in violation of these regulations is subject to seizure at the discretion of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.[128][129]. grippe ou toute autre affection virale. Importation is a federal matter, and is enforced by the Canada Border Services Agency. Superstitions ? Des confins de notre galaxie jusqu'au centre de la Terre, découvrez avec nous les mystères de l'Univers ! Magnan would later blame the naturally occurring (in wormwood) chemical thujone for these effects. However, this amendment was found inconsistent with other parts of the preexisting Food Code,[45][46] and it was withdrawn in 2002 during the transition between the two codes, thereby continuing to allow absinthe manufacture and importation through the existing permit-based system. Sa toxicité, l'absinthe la doit à la thuyone, une molécule présente dans la plante. En collyre, elle fortifie les yeux. Jusqu’à quel âge peut-on prendre le bain avec son enfant ? C'est une plante vivace herbacée poussant dans les friches vivaces xérophiles. The sale and production of absinthe has never been prohibited in Sweden or Norway. ["The Effects of Absinthe"; Emma S. Walker, M.D., Ian Hutton, p. 62, "quoted by Arnold"..."Arnold WN (1989) Absinthe: Scientific American 260(6):112–117", Federal Administrative Court of Switzerland, "Absinthism: a fictitious 19th century syndrome with present impact", "Titi lvcreti cari de rervm natvra liber qvartvs", "Absinth: Short explanation of the adoption of the, "The Virtual Absinthe Museum: Absinthe in America—New Orleans", "The search for real absinthe: like Tinkerbell, the Green Fairy lives only if we believe in her", "Standard 1.4.4 – Prohibited and Restricted Plant and FungiI", "TTB Online—COLAs Online—Application Detail", "A Notorious Spirit Finds Its Way Back to Bars", "Alameda distiller helps make absinthe legitimate again", "Absinthe Pops: The Frozen Treat That Will Melt Your Face", "Ice lolly made from holy water and absinthe goes on sale", "Sydney's small bar revolution is teaching people a new way to drink | thetelegraph.com.au", "Official FFS Press Release confirming the repeal of the 1915 French Absinthe Ban: Article 175; point 20", "A Treatise on the Manufacture and Distillation of Alcoholic Liquors", "Absinthe – the Green (or pink or red) Fairy", "How to buy and drink good quality absinthe", "Professors of Absinthe Historic account of preparation at a bar", "Everything You Need to Know About Absinthe", "The Absinthe Buyer's Guide: Modern & Vintage Absinthe Reference: Spain Archives", "Absinthe bootleggers refuse to go straight", "Everything you know about absinthe is a lie", "The Mystery of the Green Menace—Wired Magazine (see p. 3 of article)", "Pharmacology and toxicology of absinthe", "Determination of α-/β-Thujone and Related Terpenes in Absinthe using Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography", Determination of a/β Thujone and Related Terpenes in Absinthe using Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography, "Chemical Composition of Vintage Preban Absinthe with Special Reference to Thujone, Fenchone, Pinocamphone, Methanol, Copper, and Antimony Concentrations", "alpha-Thujone (the active component of absinthe): gamma-Aminobutyric acid type A receptor modulation and metabolic detoxification", Absinthe: Attention Performance and Mood under the Influence of Thujone, "Calculate Your Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)", Schedule 19 – Maximum levels of contaminants and natural toxicants, "Prohibited / Restricted Goods – Frequently asked questions", Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, "Absinthe now available at P.E.I. It makes whiskey's standard 40 percent (80 proof) seem like child's play, which is why absinthe is supposed to be diluted. The sale and production of absinthe was prohibited in Finland from 1919 to 1932; no current prohibitions exist. L'absinthe ou armoise est une plante vivace poussant à l'état sauvage sur les collines sèches et caillouteuses. J.-C.). De Brevans (1908, pp. [82] The belief that absinthe induces hallucinogenic effects is at least partly rooted in that, following ten years of experiments with wormwood oil in the 19th century, the French psychiatrist Valentin Magnan studied 250 cases of alcoholism, and claimed that those who drank absinthe were worse off than those drinking ordinary alcohol, having experienced rapid-onset hallucinations. Discover (and save!) [25][26] The Lanfray murders were the tipping point in this hotly debated topic, and a subsequent petition collected more than 82,000 signatures to ban it in Switzerland. Translator. #absinthe #suisseabsinthe #absinthebizarre #swissabsinthe #absinthedistribution #originalabsinthe #valdetravers #burlesque #gothic 2020 - Découvrez le tableau "Absinthe" de Xavier Fasce sur Pinterest. Until July 13, 2013, the import and sale of absinthe technically required a special permit, since "oil of wormwood, being an essential oil obtained from plants of the genus Artemisia, and preparations containing oil of wormwood" were listed as item 12A, Schedule 8, Regulation 5H of the Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956 (Cth). Absinth (without the final e) is a spelling variant most commonly applied to absinthes produced in central and eastern Europe, and is specifically associated with Bohemian-style absinthes. [33][34][35][36] In 2000, La Fée Absinthe became the first commercial absinthe distilled and bottled in France since the 1914 ban,[37][38][39][40][41] but it is now one of dozens of brands that are produced and sold within France. Share photos and videos, send messages and get updates. L'absinthe est un ensemble de spiritueux à base de plantes d'absinthe, également appelé « fée verte » ou encore « bleue ». Lanfray was an alcoholic who had imbibed considerable quantities of wine and brandy before the killings, but that was overlooked or ignored, and blame for the murders was placed solely on his consumption of two glasses of absinthe. For 100 years, Hydro Ottawa has reliably supplied its customers with power, building and investing in the local electric grid. 18 avr. Absinthe (/ˈæbsɪnθ, -sæ̃θ/, French: [apsɛ̃t] (listen)) is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage (45–74% ABV / 90–148 U.S. [11] Some claim that the word means "undrinkable" in Greek, but it may instead be linked to the Persian root spand or aspand, or the variant esfand, which meant Peganum harmala, also called Syrian Rue—although it is not actually a variety of rue, another famously bitter herb. La plante «absinthe» trouve pour sa culture dans la région de Pontarlier un terroir de prédilection. Au 19e siècle, la liqueur d’absinthe était devenu une véritable boisson de mode. En 1907, Georges Clemenceau encourage même les médecins à étudier les effets de cette boisson dans leurs asiles psychiatriques. "[62], Adding to absinthe's negative reputation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, unscrupulous makers of the drink omitted the traditional coloring phase of production in favour of adding toxic copper salts to artificially induce a green tint. In 1805, they built a second distillery in Pontarlier, France, under the company name Maison Pernod Fils. While the effects of the high dose samples were statistically significant in a double blind test, the test subjects themselves were unable to reliably identify which samples contained thujone. "La Maison Pernod Fils a Pontarlier", E. Dentu (1896, p. 10), A study of plants in central Italy reported some veterinary use of wormwood as an. L'absinthe (Artemisia absinthium L.) aussi nommée grande absinthe en opposition avec la petite absinthe (Artemisia pontica) est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Astéracées. In at least one documented case, a person suffered acute kidney injury after drinking 10 ml of pure wormwood oil—a dose much higher than that found in absinthe. Absinthe should not be stored in the refrigerator or freezer, as the anethole may polymerise inside the bottle, creating an irreversible precipitate, and adversely impacting the original flavour. Les Grecs anciens consommaient également du vin aux extraits d'absinthe, absin… The product must be thujone-free as per TTB guidelines, The word "absinthe" can neither be the brand name nor stand alone on the label, and, The packaging cannot "project images of hallucinogenic, psychotropic, or mind-altering effects. 2012 - Absinthe antiques from France. French producers circumvented this regulatory obstacle by labelling absinthe as spiritueux à base de plantes d'absinthe ('wormwood-based spirits'), with many either reducing or omitting fennel and hyssop altogether from their products. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. The ban was reinforced in 1931 with harsher penalties for transgressors, and remained in force until 1992 when the Italian government amended its laws to comply with the EU directive 88/388/EEC. Please enable JavaScript in your browser to enjoy WordPress.com. The final preparation contains 1 part absinthe and 3–5 parts water. Similarly, Belgium lifted its long-standing ban on January 1, 2005, citing a conflict with the adopted food and beverage regulations of the Single European Market. Some modern Franco–Suisse absinthes are bottled at up to 83% ABV,[66][67] while some modern, cold-mixed bohemian-style absinthes are bottled at up to 90% ABV. The medical use of wormwood dates back to ancient Egypt and is mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus, c. 1550 BC. It rose to great popularity as an alcoholic drink in late 19th- and early 20th-century France, particularly among Parisian artists and writers. The traditional French preparation involves placing a sugar cube on top of a specially designed slotted spoon, and placing the spoon on a glass filled with a measure of absinthe. L'absinthe est une plante utilisée principalement pour lutter contre les Not absinthe's fault, technically speaking. By the early 21st century, nearly 200 brands of absinthe were being produced in a dozen countries, most notably in France, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, and the Czech Republic. This step involves steeping plants such as petite wormwood, hyssop, and melissa (among other herbs) in the distillate. From Europe and the Americas, notable absinthe drinkers included Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Vincent van Gogh, Oscar Wilde, Marcel Proust, Aleister Crowley, Erik Satie, Edgar Allan Poe, Lord Byron and Alfred Jarry. The Fascist regime in 1926 banned the production, import, transport and sale of any liquor named "Assenzio". Concentrée dans l'alcool, elle contient des propriétés convulsivantes. De Jacques Fleurentin Superstitions ? The flaming sugar cube is then dropped into the glass, thus igniting the absinthe. Finden Sie Top-Angebote für Now Foods Vert Noir Noyer Absinthe Complexe 60ml Extraits de Plantes Supplément bei eBay. United States Brewers' Association. L’«Absinthe de Pontarlier» est caractérisée par des arômes qui rappellent les senteurs que la plante de grande absinthe exhale lors de sa récolte. This is typically the apex domain, such as example.com.To add subdomains, like www.example.com or images.example.com, create DNS records for them after you add the apex domain.. Click Add Domain.This takes you to the Create new record page and … The ban came in August 2008 after several issues of misuse drew public and police attention. From the control panel, click Create in the top right, then click Domains/DNS.. Today it is known that absinthe does not cause hallucinations. British importer BBH Spirits began to import Hill's Absinth from the Czech Republic in the 1990s, as the UK had never formally banned it, and this sparked a modern resurgence in its popularity. copper salts). The 1916 Year Book of the United States Brewers' Association. In the only country that possesses a formal legal definition of absinthe (Switzerland), anything made via the cold mixed process cannot be sold as absinthe. Additionné d’eau à la consommation, il prend une teinte opaline rappelant celle de l’ivoire et présente un trouble qui le rend opaque. La meilleure absinthe se situe dans une fourchette de 45 à 68 % d'alcool par volume. Découvrez aussi notre ebook “50 plantes médicinales à cultiver dans votre jardin ou balcon”– vous y trouverez l’absinthe et des informations pratiques sur la culture de cette plante (exposition, arrosage, récolte). Absinthe became so popular in bars, bistros, cafés, and cabarets by the 1860s that the hour of 5 p.m. was called l'heure verte ("the green hour"). The prohibition of absinthe in France would eventually lead to the popularity of pastis, and to a lesser extent, ouzo, and other anise-flavoured spirits that do not contain wormwood. Elle s'utilise également en cataplasmes chauds. This is reduced to a proof spirit, and a few drops of the oil of aniseed added. Chlorophyll from these herbs is extracted in the process, giving the drink its famous green color. 12 absinthes était la consommation quotidienne de beaucoup de travailleurs de la classe ouvrière dans les années 1910. In addition to being prepared with sugar and water, absinthe emerged as a popular cocktail ingredient in both the United Kingdom and the United States. 50%+ ABV) spirit before the thujone could be metabolized in order to display effects detectable in a clinical setting, which would result in a potentially lethal BAC of >0.4%. Some modern cold mixed absinthes have been bottled at strengths approaching 90% ABV. [73] It was up to the patron to prepare the drink, as the inclusion or omission of sugar was strictly an individual preference, as was the amount of water used. Children-Ersatz. Macerate these substances during eight days, add a little water, and distil by a gentle fire, until two gallons are obtained. It was never banned in Spain or Portugal, and its production and consumption have never ceased. Parasites comme les Each product is subject to the approval of a respective individual provincial liquor board before it can be sold in that province. Connect with friends, family and other people you know. The directions are as follows: "Pour one jigger absinthe into a Champagne glass. Although absinthe is not prohibited at national level, some local authorities have banned it. To be legally made or sold in Switzerland, absinthe must be distilled,[119] must not contain certain additives, and must be either naturally coloured or left uncoloured. Absinthe does have a very high alcohol content — anywhere between 55 and 75 percent alcohol by volume, which equates to about 110 to 144 proof. Traditional absinthes obtain their green color strictly from the chlorophyll of whole herbs, which is extracted from the plants during the secondary maceration. [citation needed]. Une toxine, la thuyone, présente naturellement dans la plante d'absinthe est dangereuse à très forte dose. It directed the maker to "Take of the tops of wormwood, four pounds; root of angelica, calamus aromaticus, aniseed, leaves of dittany, of each one ounce; alcohol, four gallons. That Artemisia absinthium was commonly burned as a protective offering may suggest that its origins lie in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language root *spend, meaning "to perform a ritual" or "make an offering". Absinthe intended for decades of storage should be kept in a cool (room temperature), dry place, away from light and heat. Linguee. Finest selection of real absinthe, accessories & collectibles delivered worldwide. [85], Notions of absinthe's alleged hallucinogenic properties were again fuelled in the 1970s, when a scientific paper suggested that thujone's structural similarity to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active chemical in cannabis, presented the possibility of THC receptor affinity. [69], In baking, Pernod Anise is often used as a substitute if absinthe is unavailable. 221–24), 'Traite de la Fabrication de Liqueurs et de la Distillation des Alcools' Duplais (1882 3rd Ed, p. 249), 1970 Penguin Classics English edition. [51][52] Since that time, other micro-distilleries have started producing small batches in the US. In Canada, liquor laws concerning the production, distribution, and sale of spirits are written and enforced by individual provincial government monopolies. Dernière mise à jour : 03.11.2019. Elle a même été interdite de consommation. One of the first vilifications of absinthe followed an 1864 experiment in which Magnan simultaneously exposed one guinea pig to large doses of pure wormwood vapour, and another to alcohol vapours. [86][87] This theory was conclusively disproven in 1999.[88]. The release of these dissolved essences coincides with a perfuming of herbal aromas and flavours that "blossom" or "bloom," and brings out subtleties that are otherwise muted within the neat spirit. [123][124] This is verified through the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. SUZE, FROM GENTIAN HARVEST TO BLENDING Roots. The colour of absinthe that has completed this transition was historically referred to as feuille morte ("dead leaf"). Many modern-day producers resort to other shortcuts, including the use of artificial food coloring to create the green color. 31,331 talking about this. The court found that absinthe was a label for a product and was not tied to a geographic origin. [112] Member countries regulate absinthe production within this framework. Absinthe, Bleue, Fée Verte … évoquons cet apéritif mythique ! Planen Sie ganz nach Ihren Wünschen Die Einrichtung Ihres Kontos erlaubt es Ihnen den bevorzugten Liefertag zu bestimmen zwischen Dienstag und Freitag (zu bestätigen von unserem Team je nach Lieferroute), die Lieferfrequenz Ihrer Abonnemente auszuwählen und Ihre Ferien hinzuzufügen während deren die Lieferungen vorübergehend ausgesetzt werden. The Absinthe (Prohibition) Act 1915, passed in the New Hebrides, has never been repealed, is included in the 2006 Vanuatu consolidated legislation, and contains the following all-encompassing restriction: "The manufacture, importation, circulation and sale wholesale or by retail of absinthe or similar liquors in Vanuatu shall be prohibited."[132]. De Gérard Debuigne et François Couplan Paul-Victor Fournier, Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France, p. 100.

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